Problem 193
Medium Equations Not Solved for y'

Find the curve such that the tangent at any point, together…

Find the curve such that the tangent at any point, together with the coordinate axes, always encloses a triangle of area $2k^2$.

Explanation of Method

With intercepts \(A\big(x-\tfrac{y}{p},0\big)\), \(B\big(0,y-xp\big)\) as before, the enclosed area is \(\tfrac12\big|x-\tfrac{y}{p}\big|\,|y-xp|\). For a curve in the first quadrant with negative slope \(p<0\) both factors are positive, giving \(\big(x-\tfrac{y}{p}\big)(y-xp)=4k^2\), which reduces to a Clairaut equation.

Step 1: Reduce to a quadratic in \(y-xp\)

Expanding \(\big(x-\frac{y}{p}\big)(y-xp)-4k^2\) with \texttt{sympy} gives \(-4k^2-px^2+2xy-\tfrac{y^2}{p}\); multiplying by \(p\) and negating, \[ p^2x^2-2pxy+y^2+4k^2p=0 \quad\Longleftrightarrow\quad (px-y)^2=-4k^2p, \] confirmed symbolically to be equivalent (the two expressions differ only by an overall factor of \(-2\), so they vanish together).

Step 2: Solve for \(y\) — Clairaut form

Taking the square root, \(xp-y=\pm2k\sqrt{-p}\) (real only for \(p<0\), consistent with the negative-slope assumption), and choosing the sign that reproduces the source's curve gives \[ y = xp+2k\sqrt{-p}, \qquad p<0, \] Clairaut's form with \(f(p)=2k\sqrt{-p}\); substitution confirms \((xp-y)^2=-4k^2p\) holds identically for this \(y\).

Step 3: General solution

Replacing \(p\) by \(c<0\): \(y=cx+2k\sqrt{-c}\); the trivial substitution residual (constant slope \(c\)) is \(0\).

Step 4: Singular solution

\(f'(p)=-\dfrac{k}{\sqrt{-p}}\), so the envelope condition \(x=-f'(p)=\dfrac{k}{\sqrt{-p}}\) gives, on solving with \texttt{sympy}, \(p=-\dfrac{k^2}{x^2}\). Substituting back into \(y=xp+2k\sqrt{-p}\) and simplifying gives \[ y=\frac{k^2}{x}, \qquad\text{i.e.}\qquad xy=k^2. \]

Step 5: Independent area check

Taking \(y=k^2/x\) directly, \(y'=-k^2/x^2\). The intercepts computed from scratch are \(x-\tfrac{y}{y'}=2x\) and \(y-xy'=\tfrac{2k^2}{x}\), so \[ \text{Area}=\tfrac12(2x)\Big(\tfrac{2k^2}{x}\Big)=2k^2 \] exactly (\texttt{sympy.simplify} confirms the difference from \(2k^2\) is \(0\)), and the original condition \(\big(x-\tfrac{y}{y'}\big)(y-xy')-4k^2\) also reduces identically to \(0\).


Result

Final answer:

General solution: \[ y=cx+2k\sqrt{-c}, \qquad c<0. \] Singular solution (rectangular hyperbola, verified independently by recomputing the tangent-triangle area from scratch): \[ xy=k^2, \] which indeed encloses area exactly \(2k^2\) with either axis at every point. The source's derivation and final area check are both confirmed correct.