Describe the set of points z satisfying |z|=Re(z)+1
Describe the set of points $z$ satisfying $\ |z|=\text{Re}(z)+1$.
Explanation of Method
Write $z=x+iy$, isolate the square root, and square (noting the sign constraint this imposes) to obtain a Cartesian equation — which turns out to be a parabola with a recognizable focus and directrix, matching the classical focus-directrix definition directly.
Step 1 · Set up in Cartesian coordinates
Let $z=x+iy$. The equation $\sqrt{x^2+y^2}=x+1$ requires $x+1\ge0$, i.e. $x\ge-1$ (since the left side is nonnegative).
Step 2 · Square
$$ x^2+y^2=(x+1)^2=x^2+2x+1 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad y^2=2x+1 $$
Step 3 · Identify the curve
$$ y^2=2\left(x+\frac12\right) $$
a parabola opening rightward, in standard form $(y-k)^2=4p(x-h)$ with vertex $(h,k)=\left(-\frac12,0\right)$ and $4p=2\Rightarrow p=\frac12$.
Step 4 · Locate focus and directrix
For a rightward-opening parabola, the focus is at $(h+p,k)$ and the directrix is $x=h-p$:
$$ \text{Focus: } \left(-\frac12+\frac12,\,0\right)=(0,0), \qquad \text{Directrix: } x=-\frac12-\frac12=-1 $$
The focus is exactly the origin.
Step 5 · Confirm the domain constraint is automatic
From $y^2=2x+1$: $x=\frac{y^2-1}2\ge-\frac12>-1$ always, so the required constraint $x\ge-1$ imposes no additional restriction on the parabola.
Step 6 · Direct geometric confirmation
The original equation $|z|=\text{Re}(z)+1$ says: distance from $z$ to the origin equals $\text{Re}(z)+1=x+1$. But $x+1$ is exactly the distance from $z=(x,y)$ to the vertical line $x=-1$ (when $x\ge-1$). So the equation states:
$$ \text{distance to } (0,0) \ = \ \text{distance to the line } x=-1 $$
which is precisely the focus-directrix definition of a parabola with focus $(0,0)$ and directrix $x=-1$ — confirming Steps 3–4 without needing to solve for the equation first.
Verification
| $z$ | $|z|$ | $\text{Re}(z)+1$ |
|---|---|---|
| $i$ | $1$ | $0+1=1$ ✓ |
| $-i$ | $1$ | $0+1=1$ ✓ |
| $-\frac12$ | $\frac12$ | $-\frac12+1=\frac12$ ✓ (vertex) |
Result
A parabola with focus at the origin, directrix $x=-1$, and vertex $\left(-\frac12,0\right)$, passing through $\pm i$.