Problem 483
Easy Tangents, Normals, and Asymptotes

At which point of the parabola y = x²-2x+5 must

At which point of the parabola $y = x^{2}-2x+5$ must the tangent be drawn so that it is perpendicular to the line $y = x$?

Explanation of Method

Perpendicularity fixes the slope at −1.

Step 1: The required slope

The line $y = x$ has slope $1$; a line perpendicular to it has slope

\[ k = -\frac11 = -1. \]

Step 2: The point of tangency

\[ y' = 2x-2 = -1 \;\Longrightarrow\; x_{0} = \frac12, \qquad y_{0} = \frac14-1+5 = \frac{17}{4}. \]

Step 3: The tangent

\[ y-\frac{17}{4} = -\left(x-\frac12\right) \;\Longrightarrow\; y = -x+\frac{19}{4}. \]

Step 4: Verification

\[\left(\tfrac12\right)^{2}-2\cdot\tfrac12+5 = \tfrac14-1+5 = \tfrac{17}{4} \;\;\checkmark\]

\[y'\!\left(\tfrac12\right) = -1, \qquad 1\cdot(-1) = -1 \;\;\checkmark\]

\[\text{The vertex is at } x = 1;\ \text{the point found lies half a unit to its left} \;\;\checkmark\]


Result

Final answer:

\[\boxed{\,\text{point } \left(\frac12,\;\frac{17}{4}\right), \qquad \text{tangent } y = -x+\frac{19}{4}\,}\]

Remark

Remark. Since the tangent is perpendicular to $y = x$, the normal at that point is parallel to $y = x$ — the two phrasings describe the same point. Note also that the tangent found, $y = -x+\tfrac{19}{4}$, meets $y = x$ at $x = \tfrac{19}{8}$, well away from the parabola.